Smart dzwonek, czyli nowe życie zwykłego, przewodowego dzwonka 230V

Wpadłem na pomysł, żeby zrobić powiadomienie, gdy ktoś dzwoni do drzwi, a mnie nie ma w domu. Dodatkowo chciałbym, żeby zewnętrzna kamera robiła zdjęcie i zapisywała je, ewentualnie przesyłał mi na telefon jeśli system nie wykryje niczyjej obecności w domu.

Mam zwykły przewodowy dzwonek na 230V, ale nie chciałbym przerabiać ani dzwonka, ani przycisku przy drzwiach. Mam za to dostęp do kabli w szafce z bezpiecznikami. Przyszło mi do głowy, że mógłbym wykrywać kiedy w kablu płynie prąd – są takie moduły wykrywania napięcia. Ktoś jednak doradził mi, że przecież mogę zautomatyzować sam dzwonek. Że też wcześniej na to nie wpadłem! Najprostsza i dająca najwięcej możliwości opcja.

Od razu wziąłem Sonoff basic, który ostatnio służył mi do sterowania oświetleniem choinki (w końcu mogłem powiedzieć: „OK Google, włącz choinkę”). Napisałem krótki program do sterowania dzwonkiem. No dobrze, może trochę przekombinowałem, ale jak już ma być „inteligentny dzwonek” to niech ma kilka funkcji:

  1. Dzwonek ma dzwonić. Tak, pomimo całej tej elektroniki i sterowania przez internet powinien dzwonić, gdy ktoś tradycyjnie naciska przycisk przy drzwiach 😎
  2. Gdy ktoś naciska przycisk zbyt krótko, powinien dzwonić minimalnie przez określony czas (np. 1 sekunda). Czasem ktoś naciskał przycisk zbyt krótko, żeby ktokolwiek w domu to usłyszał.
  3. Gdy ktoś już zadzwoni, powinien przesłać wiadomość mqtt, dzięki czemu mogę ustawić jakąś automatykę w Home Assistant. Nie przy każdym dzwonku, bo przecież jedna osoba może zadzwonić kilka razy.
  4. Alarm – dodatkowo wymyśliłem sobie, że mogę wysłać zdalnie polecenie przez mqtt, żeby dzwonek zadzwonił. To może wydać się zbędne, ale mam pewne zastosowanie. Zdarza się, że wyjeżdżamy gdzieś, a w domu zostaje moja mama i nie mogę się z nią skontaktować (wyciszony lub rozładowany telefon) – wtedy umówiony znak, na przykład 10 krótkich dzwonków i już wie, że próbuję się z nią skontaktować. Teoretycznie można by to użyć jako alarm – na przykład połączony z czujnikiem dymu.
  5. Aktualizacja OTA, tak na wszelki wypadek, gdybym chciał zmienić parametry.
  6. Zapewnienie, żeby połączenie z wifi czy z brokerem mqtt odbywało się w sposób niezakłócający pracy dzwonka (żadnych delayów, wszystko w tle). Brak sieci != brak dzwonka.

Do Sonoffa wystarczyło przylutować kabelki RX, TX, 3V, GND oraz GPIO14. Łatwiej byłoby z Shelly, które ma wyprowadzone na zewnątrz piny, ale Sonoff był pod ręką.

Przycisk przy drzwiach podłączyłem do GPIO14 (na wszelki wypadek dałem rezystor podciągający, bo dzwonek jest podłączony grubymi przewodami przewidzianymi na 230V), a z drugiej strony GND. Istniejący przycisk Sonoffa (GPIO0)  wykorzystałem jako kontrolny dzwonek (krótkie przyciśnięcie) i reset (przyciśnięty powyżej sekundy). Wbudowana dioda (GPIO13) ma się świecić, gdy ktoś dzwoni. I to wszystko. Wbudowany relay jest na GPIO12.

Komunikaty mqtt:

  • dzwonek/dzwoni – wysyłany przez dzwonek gdy ktoś dzwoni do drzwi, nie częściej niż co 60s.
  • dzwonek/OTA – wysyłany do dzwonka, zawartość payload to nowe firmware.
  • dzwonek/alarm – wysyłam do dzwonka komunikat w formacie „ilosc_dzwonków,długość_dzwonka,długość_przerwy” np. „10,500,500”

Kod źródłowy programu:

// obsługa dzwonka 230V
// (c) Wojciech Mamak
// uaktualnienie OTA:
// mosquitto_pub -t 'dzwonek/OTA' -r -f /home/pi/dzwonek.ino.bin

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <Bounce2.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>


#define PIN_RELAY  12  // pin przekaźnika
#define PIN_LED  13 //pin wbudowanej diody
#define PIN_RING 14 // pin przycisku dzwonka
#define PIN_BUTTON 0 // wbudowany przycisk
#define MIN_RING_TIME 750 // mimalny czas dzwonienia
#define MQTT_DELAY 60000 // czas pomiędzy dzwonkami oddzielający kolejne wiadomości MQTT


#define AP_SSID "ssid sieci" // dane sieci WiFi
#define AP_PASSWORD "hasło"
#define  mqtt_server  "192.168.xx.xx" // IP brokera mqtt
#define  mqtt_pass  "hasło mqtt"

WiFiEventHandler gotIpEventHandler, disconnectedEventHandler;

unsigned long mainTimer;
unsigned long ringTimer;
unsigned long prevRingTime;
unsigned long lastReconnect;
unsigned long buttonTimer;
bool isRinging;
bool shouldRing;
Bounce ringButtonPressed = Bounce();
Bounce controlButtonPressed = Bounce();
WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient, mqtt_server);

void setup() {
  //Serial.begin(115200);
  //Serial.setDebugOutput(true);
  mainTimer = millis();
  prevRingTime = millis();
  ringButtonPressed.attach(PIN_RING);
  ringButtonPressed.interval(50);
  controlButtonPressed.attach(PIN_BUTTON);
  controlButtonPressed.interval(50);

  pinMode(PIN_LED, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(PIN_LED, LOW);
  pinMode(PIN_RELAY, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, LOW);
  pinMode(PIN_RING, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PIN_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  isRinging = false;
  shouldRing = false;
  lastReconnect = 0;

  gotIpEventHandler = WiFi.onStationModeGotIP([](const WiFiEventStationModeGotIP & event)
  {
    //Serial.print("Polaczono");
    //Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  });
  disconnectedEventHandler = WiFi.onStationModeDisconnected([](const WiFiEventStationModeDisconnected & event)
  {
    //Serial.println("Rozlaczono");
  });

  //Serial.printf("Laczenie");

  WiFi.begin(AP_SSID, AP_PASSWORD);
  /*  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(100);
    Serial.print(".");
    }*/

}

bool reconnectMQTT() {
  {
    client.connect(MQTT::Connect("arduinoClient").set_auth("mqtt", mqtt_pass));
    client.set_callback(callback);
    client.subscribe("dzwonek/alarm");
    client.subscribe("dzwonek/OTA");
  }

  return client.connected();
}

void callback(const MQTT::Publish& pub) {

  uint32_t size = pub.payload_len();
  if (size == 0)
    return;

  if (pub.topic() == "dzwonek/alarm") //
  {
    ringOn(pub.payload_string());
  }
  else if (pub.topic() == "dzwonek/OTA")
  {
    if (ESP.updateSketch(*pub.payload_stream(), size, true, false)) // aktualizacja OTA
    {
      client.publish(MQTT::Publish(pub.topic(), "").set_retain());
      client.disconnect();
      ESP.restart();
    }
  }
}

void sendMQTT(String message) {


  if (client.connected()) {
    {
      client.loop();
      client.publish("dzwonek/dzwoni", message);
    }

  }
}

void ringOn()
{
  isRinging = true;
  ringTimer = millis();
  digitalWrite(PIN_LED, LOW);
  digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, HIGH);
}

void ringOn(String str)
{
  int i1, i2, i3;
  int ringCount, ringTime, delayTime;
  String ringCountStr;
  String ringTimeStr;
  String delayTimeStr;

  i1 = str.indexOf(',');
  ringCountStr = str.substring(0, i1);
  i2 = str.indexOf(',', i1 + 1 );
  ringTimeStr = str.substring(i1 + 1, i2);
  delayTimeStr = str.substring(i2 + 1);

  ringCount = ringCountStr.toInt();
  ringTime = ringTimeStr.toInt();
  delayTime = delayTimeStr.toInt();

  if ( ringCount > 0)
    for (int i = 0; i < ringCount; i++)
    {
      digitalWrite(PIN_LED, LOW);
      digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, HIGH);
      delay(ringTime);
      digitalWrite(PIN_LED, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, LOW);
      delay(delayTime);
    }
}

void ringOff()
{
  isRinging = false;
  prevRingTime = millis();
  digitalWrite(PIN_LED, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, LOW);
  sendMQTT("off");
}


void loop() {

  if (!client.connected()) {
    if (millis() - lastReconnect > 15000)
    {
      if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
        if (reconnectMQTT()) {
          lastReconnect = 0;
        };

      }
      lastReconnect = millis();
    }
  }
  else {
    client.loop();
  }


  controlButtonPressed.update();

  if (controlButtonPressed.fell())  // naciśnięto wbudowany przycisk
  {
    buttonTimer = millis();
  }

  if (controlButtonPressed.rose())  // puszczono wbudowany przycisk
  {
    if (millis() - buttonTimer > 1000) // przytrzymanie przycisku powyżej 1s resetuje urządzenie
    {
      client.disconnect();
      ESP.restart();
    }
    else
    {
      sendMQTT("on");
      digitalWrite(PIN_LED, LOW);// krótkie przytrzymanie do przetestowania dzwonka
      digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, HIGH);
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(PIN_LED, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(PIN_RELAY, LOW);
      sendMQTT("off");
    }
  }

  ringButtonPressed.update();

  if (ringButtonPressed.fell()) // nacięsnięto przycisk dzwonka
  {
    shouldRing = true;
    ringOn();
    if (millis() - prevRingTime > MQTT_DELAY)
    {
      sendMQTT("on");  //wysłanie wiadomości mqtt, jeśli od poprzedniego dzwonka minęło odpowiednio dużo czasu
    }
  }

  if (ringButtonPressed.rose()) // przycisk dzwonka puszczony
  {
    shouldRing = false;
  }

  if (millis() - ringTimer > MIN_RING_TIME && isRinging && !shouldRing)
  {
    ringOff();
  }

}

W programie korzystam dodatkowo z biblioteki pubsubclient http://imroy.github.io/pubsubclient. Jest to fork znanej biblioteki, której oryginalnie autorem jest Nicholas O’Leary, moim zdaniem łatwiejsza w użyciu i jest wbudowana aktualizacja OTA przez mqtt. Trochę inne API, wiadomości wysyła się bezpośrednio jako String, a w oryginale const char[] i trzeba robić konwersję. Niestety w innym projekcie ten OTA sprawiał mi problemu z inną wersją płytki, ale w ostatnich dniach ktoś zaczął pracować nad OTA do tej „oryginalnej” wersji biblioteki.

Na koniec prosta automatyka w Home Assistant (automations.yaml):

- alias: Dzwoni dzwonek 
  trigger:
    platform: mqtt
    topic: dzwonek/dzwoni
    payload: 'on'
  action: 
    - service: shell_command.dzwonek_dzwoni

i uruchomienie skryptu, który robi zdjęcie i przesyła maila lub powiadomienie push jeśli nie ma nie w domu.

84 komentarze to “Smart dzwonek, czyli nowe życie zwykłego, przewodowego dzwonka 230V”

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  1. Евгений - 16 lutego 2022 o 02:50

    Именно ваши тексты лучшие.

  2. Alexisanned - 17 sierpnia 2022 o 23:51

    Proverbs, on the other hand, can be much longer than aphorisms and adages.
    Another aphorism that’s adapted is, Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
    Luke’s having a tough time, and he’s discouraged.
    Sandys said, Honestie the best policie, which in modern English is…
    Interestingly enough, this saying was initially intended as a compliment.
    Another memorable aphorism is, An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
    So my advice.
    Too many times to count, right.
    But, the aphorism is short and sweet.
    The original dictum said, A penny spar’d is twice got, but it’s adapted over the years for modern English.
    Luke’s having a tough time, and he’s discouraged.
    Life is too short to surround yourself with toxic people.
    Oftentimes, it makes sense to delegate tasks.
    Another memorable aphorism is, An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
    Their direct, witty approach is what makes these self-evident truths powerful.
    But one key difference is that for a phrase to be truly aphoristic, it needs to be a short statement.

  3. Alexisanned - 17 sierpnia 2022 o 23:55

    See the difference.
    It reminds us to take precautionary measures, so we don’t end up with bad results.
    Take a look.
    Washington’s message was that it’s wiser to be upfront and deal with the consequences.
    One of his most notable is, An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
    They’re easy to remember and pass down through generations because they’re concise.
    You’re prepared to use these handy little sayings to make your prose more relatable.
    Now here’s the big question.
    Your wish is my command.
    This famous motto highlights the truism that life is full of ups and downs.
    The idea is simple.
    Picture of Benjamin Franklin and a caption that says „Aphorist Extraordinaire”
    People often use this quote when discussing health, but Franklin was talking about fire safety.
    Finally, All things come to those who wait is a good aphorism we’re all familiar with.
    As they say, Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    They’re inspirational quotes.

  4. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 00:09

    Now compare that proverb to this famous aphorism.
    You get up and keep trying.
    If you can do something, then you need to do it for the good of others.
    This is especially true if the excuse is a lie.
    People often use this quote when discussing health, but Franklin was talking about fire safety.
    (I say these words to make me glad),
    Then use it as a guideline to stay focused on your general theme.
    What is an Aphorism.
    Proverbs, on the other hand, can be much longer than aphorisms and adages.
    It reminds us to take precautionary measures, so we don’t end up with bad results.
    It’s one of my favorite aphorisms because it’s simple but yet powerful.
    He once stated, It is better to be alone than in bad company.
    He once stated, If you want a thing done well, do it yourself.
    The Purpose & Function of Aphorism
    So my advice.
    Today, I’ll define aphorism and show you how these handy little sayings make your writing more memorable.

  5. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 00:12

    If you do, you agree with George Herbert’s famous aphorism from his book, Outlandish Proverbs.
    What does it mean.
    It’s one of the most recognized aphoristic statements today.
    He once stated, It is better to be alone than in bad company.
    Finally, Actions speak louder than words is another classic example.
    Today, calling someone a Jack of all trades is usually a jab because it implies that their knowledge is superficial.
    And then.
    They’re in social media captions all over the web.
    See the difference.
    Fall seven times, stand up eight.
    Another example comes from Spider-Man, where Uncle Ben turns to Peter Parker and says, With great power comes great responsibility.
    Like George Washington, Sandys believed that telling the truth is always the way to go.
    People often use this quote when discussing health, but Franklin was talking about fire safety.
    It originated from Lady Mary Montgomerie Currie’s poem Tout vient a qui sait attendre.
    Not only that, but you can use aphorisms in your writing to summarize your central theme.
    The term aphorism originates from late Latin aphorismus and Greek aphorismos.

  6. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 01:35

    Your wish is my command.
    Nanakorobi yaoki.
    Luke’s having a tough time, and he’s discouraged.
    This aphorism is short and sweet, but it teaches us a valuable truth.
    Shifting gears a little, let’s talk about one of the world’s greatest aphorists – Benjamin Franklin.
    Today, calling someone a Jack of all trades is usually a jab because it implies that their knowledge is superficial.
    From there, you can build your story around it.
    Too many times to count, right.
    Guy standing at a bookshelf
    This famous motto highlights the truism that life is full of ups and downs.
    Check it out.
    This is especially true if the excuse is a lie.
    Finally, Actions speak louder than words is another classic example.
    Now you might be asking.
    Give it a try!
    Let’s get started.

  7. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 02:44

    Now compare that proverb to this famous aphorism.
    Examples of Aphorisms for Success
    The idea is simple.
    Like George Washington, Sandys believed that telling the truth is always the way to go.
    Sometimes, though.
    It originated from Lady Mary Montgomerie Currie’s poem Tout vient a qui sait attendre.
    You’re prepared to use these handy little sayings to make your prose more relatable.
    Let’s get started.
    See the difference.
    Examples of Aphorisms for Success
    He knows that Luke should either decide that he can do it or decide to quit.
    Aphorism Examples in Everyday Speech
    Other Common Examples of Aphorisms
    Let’s talk about that.
    And get this.
    That’s why aphorisms, adages, and proverbs are synonyms for each other.

  8. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 03:38

    It’s a great saying, but it’s not something you’d necessarily repeat over the dinner table.
    Speaking of being safe, that’s another aphorism example that you’ve probably heard before.
    Check it out.
    Yup, you guessed it.
    Finally, Actions speak louder than words is another classic example.
    Aphorisms state universal truths about life that encourage reflection.
    For example.
    They’re inspirational quotes.
    Proverbs, on the other hand, can be much longer than aphorisms and adages.
    You get up and keep trying.
    George Washington is known for his wise sayings.
    Life is too short to surround yourself with toxic people.
    Oftentimes, it makes sense to delegate tasks.
    ’Ah, all things come to those who wait,’
    Then use it as a guideline to stay focused on your general theme.
    They’re written in countless books and passed down as folk wisdom.

  9. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 03:57

    Now that we’ve covered the aphorism definition, are you ready for more examples.
    Don’t count on things that haven’t happened yet because something unexpected could occur.
    Luke’s having a tough time, and he’s discouraged.
    This also reminds me of a precept by Sir Edwin Sandys, a politician who helped establish Jamestown, Virginia.
    Shifting gears a little, let’s talk about one of the world’s greatest aphorists – Benjamin Franklin.
    Aphorisms state universal truths about life that encourage reflection.
    For example.
    They’re written in countless books and passed down as folk wisdom.
    Now compare that proverb to this famous aphorism.
    Because let’s face it, perseverance is the key to success in life.
    The part in Star Wars where Yoda says, There is do, or do not.
    Napoleon Bonaparte could relate.
    He once stated, If you want a thing done well, do it yourself.
    Now you might be asking.
    So my advice.
    They’re written in countless books and passed down as folk wisdom.

  10. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 04:23

    We see this in literature all the time.
    You get up and keep trying.
    Examples of Aphorism in Film
    This is especially true if the excuse is a lie.
    It’s easier to do it yourself rather than try to explain it to someone else.
    Not so much.
    Ready to Use These Aphorism Examples In Your Writing.
    Aphorisms are so common that we hardly think twice about them.
    See the difference.
    It originally read, Count not they chickens that unhatched be…
    Take a look.
    Washington also said, It is better to offer no excuse than a bad one.
    Yup, he was reminding Philadelphians that preventing fires is better than fighting them.
    It originated from Lady Mary Montgomerie Currie’s poem Tout vient a qui sait attendre.
    It’s time.
    But one key difference is that for a phrase to be truly aphoristic, it needs to be a short statement.

  11. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 04:56

    Take this proverb, for example.
    This quote originated from Thomas Howell in New Sonnets and Pretty Pamphlets.
    If you can do something, then you need to do it for the good of others.
    Have you ever felt frustrated when other people didn’t meet your expectations.
    Oftentimes, it makes sense to delegate tasks.
    Not so much.
    Aphoristic statements also appear in everyday life, such as daily speeches made by politicians and leaders.
    Are you in.
    Now compare that proverb to this famous aphorism.
    Examples of Aphorisms for Success
    Take a look.
    Like George Washington, Sandys believed that telling the truth is always the way to go.
    The complete quote was, A Jack of all trades and master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one.
    Not good.
    Build a storyline around that saying.
    They’re inspirational quotes.

  12. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 05:50

    See the difference.
    Better safe than sorry is a piece of wisdom from Samuel Lover’s book, Rory O’More.
    Check it out.
    Honesty is the best policy.
    That’s not what you expected, was it.
    The Purpose & Function of Aphorism
    As they say, Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    But one key difference is that for a phrase to be truly aphoristic, it needs to be a short statement.
    Take this proverb, for example.
    What does it mean.
    George Washington is known for his wise sayings.
    This is especially true if the excuse is a lie.
    The complete quote was, A Jack of all trades and master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one.
    This quote came from Wales, first appearing in an 1866 publication.
    From there, you can build your story around it.
    Aphorisms are so common that we hardly think twice about them.

  13. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 05:54

    Guy standing at a bookshelf
    This famous motto highlights the truism that life is full of ups and downs.
    He knows that Luke should either decide that he can do it or decide to quit.
    We’ve all probably had to learn that the hard way.
    Shifting gears a little, let’s talk about one of the world’s greatest aphorists – Benjamin Franklin.
    But these days.
    Ready to Use These Aphorism Examples In Your Writing.
    But not today.
    Brevity is the key.
    It originally read, Count not they chickens that unhatched be…
    Examples of Aphorism in Politics
    Aphorism Examples in Everyday Speech
    The origins of this saying are open for debate, but it’s primarily attributed to Abraham Lincoln.
    It originated from Lady Mary Montgomerie Currie’s poem Tout vient a qui sait attendre.
    Not only that, but you can use aphorisms in your writing to summarize your central theme.
    They’re inspirational quotes.

  14. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 05:59

    See the difference.
    Another aphorism that’s adapted is, Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.
    Thomas Jefferson also mirrored this general idea when he said, I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have.
    Napoleon Bonaparte could relate.
    Oftentimes, it makes sense to delegate tasks.
    Not so much.
    Their direct, witty approach is what makes these self-evident truths powerful.
    But one key difference is that for a phrase to be truly aphoristic, it needs to be a short statement.
    Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
    Another success aphorism comes from Chris Grosser.
    He played the villain in the movie that famously stated.
    Picture of Benjamin Franklin and a caption that says „Aphorist Extraordinaire”
    Want a few more.
    But these days.
    But there’s no certain magic to sprinkling aphorisms into your writing.
    Now here’s the big question.

  15. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 06:05

    See the difference.
    Speaking of being safe, that’s another aphorism example that you’ve probably heard before.
    Michael Corleone from The Godfather II disagreed with that.
    Picture of Benjamin Franklin and a caption that says „Aphorist Extraordinaire”
    Yup, he was reminding Philadelphians that preventing fires is better than fighting them.
    But these days.
    It’s time.
    They’re written in countless books and passed down as folk wisdom.
    If you do, you agree with George Herbert’s famous aphorism from his book, Outlandish Proverbs.
    Fall seven times, stand up eight.
    Opportunities don’t happen.
    Honesty is the best policy.
    The complete quote was, A Jack of all trades and master of none, but oftentimes better than a master of one.
    This quote came from Wales, first appearing in an 1866 publication.
    Then use it as a guideline to stay focused on your general theme.
    How many times have you heard one of the following aphorism examples.

  16. Alexisanned - 18 sierpnia 2022 o 06:06

    It’s a great saying, but it’s not something you’d necessarily repeat over the dinner table.
    What does it mean.
    Take a look.
    Picture of Benjamin Franklin and a caption that says „Aphorist Extraordinaire”
    It’s easier to do it yourself rather than try to explain it to someone else.
    Another memorable aphorism is, An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
    Their direct, witty approach is what makes these self-evident truths powerful.
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